C1 — Upper-Intermediate

Formal inversion with conditionals, comparatives, and more.

All cleft structures in writing and speech.

Every combination, including future-in-past.

Avoiding repetition — so, not, do so, one(s).

I suggest that he be informed. It is essential that she come.

The interplay of simple, continuous, and perfect aspect.

Moving elements to the front for emphasis or cohesion.

Seems, appears, tends to, would appear — academic and formal.

Turning verbs and adjectives into nouns for formal writing.

Furthermore, in contrast, by the same token, to that end.

In terms of, with regard to, on account of.

How grammar choices shift between formal and informal.

Reference, substitution, ellipsis, and lexical chains.

The fine distinctions between may/might, shall/will, need.