Passive voice โ advanced
All tenses in the passive, including modal passives.
Reported speech โ advanced
Reporting questions, commands, and mixed tenses.
Third conditional
Imagining a different past: If I had studied, I would have passed.
Mixed conditionals
Combining second and third conditionals.
Modal perfects
Must have, might have, should have, can't have.
Wish / if only
Expressing regret and wishes about the present and past.
Cleft sentences โ intro
It was David who fixed it. What I need is more time.
Causative: have/get
Have something done / get someone to do something.
Advanced conjunctions
Whereas, whilst, provided that, as long as.
Participle clauses
Having finished the work, she left. / Running late, he called.
Articles โ advanced use
The definite article with abstract nouns, institutions, and unique things.
Determiners
Each, every, either, neither, both, all, whole.
Inversion โ basics
Negative adverbials: Never have I seenโฆ Not only did sheโฆ
Noun clauses
What you said surprised me. I wonder whether he knows.
Adverb clauses
Clauses of time, reason, contrast, purpose, and result.
Emphasis & intensifiers
Do/does/did for emphasis. Such, so, what a.